 |
| Image used for Illustration: Credit @needpix.com |
The composition of matches varies depending on the type, but safety matches are the most commonly used. They contain a strong oxidising agent in the match head and red phosphorus on the striking surface. Striking the match causes small amounts of the oxidiser and phosphorus to combine, and the heat generated by the friction of the striking causes them to ignite.
Prior to the 1900s, white phosphorus was the active ingredient in most matches, but this could cause 'phossy jaw' and bone disorders and was also toxic, so was replaced.
THE MATCH
1. POTASSIUM CHLORATE (KClO₃): Main ingredient (45-55%) in heads of safety matches.2. PHOSPHORUS SESQUISULFIDE (P₄S₃): Component in the heads of 'strike-anywhere matches.
3. ANTIMONY (Ill) SULFIDE (Sb₂S₃): Added to some matches to make them burn more vigorously.
Additionally, the matches contain ammonium phosphates [(NH₄)₃PO₄] to prevent 'afterglow', glue to bind materials, and paraffin wax for ease of burning.
THE MATCHBOX
The striking surface of safety match boxes contains red phosphorus and an abrasive substance. When struck, a small amount of white phosphorus is produced, which ignites.