Scotland's top lawyer has asked the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to rule on whether Scottish efforts to hold a second referendum on independence without the approval of the London government are legal.
Lord Advocate Dorothy Bain stated this in her court testimony on Tuesday: "The topic of Scottish independence is alive and an important one in Scottish electoral politics."
“The question of whether such a poll is within the competence of the Scottish parliament … is an issue that I invite this court to finally resolve,” she said.
First Minister Nicola Sturgeon’s nationalist government in Edinburgh wants a fresh vote on the question: “Should Scotland be an independent country?”
Her Scottish National Party (SNP) ran in the 2021 Scottish parliamentary elections on a promise to hold a legally valid referendum after the COVID-19 crisis subsided.
It now wants to go ahead, but the UK government, which has to give approval under the Scotland Act 1998, has not given permission.
On Monday, Sturgeon told the SNP’s annual conference the hearing would not have been necessary if the UK government in Westminster respected Scottish democracy.
“But Westminster has no such respect. That means this issue was always destined to end up in court sooner or later – better, in my view, that it is sooner,” she said.
“If the court decides in the way we hope it does, on 19th October next year there will be an independence referendum.”
The Supreme Court hearings will see senior lawyers wrangle over the powers of the devolved parliament in Edinburgh versus Westminster.
New UK Prime Minister Liz Truss in a television interview this month reiterated her view that the last referendum in 2014 was a once-in-a-generation event.
“I’m very clear there shouldn’t be another referendum before that generation is up,” she added.
UK Scottish Secretary Alister Jack told a Cabinet meeting on Tuesday that “people in Scotland want their governments to be working together on the issues that affect them, rather than focusing on another referendum”, Truss’s spokesman said.
Opinion polls now indicate that voters in Scotland are evenly divided over the question of independence.
The last referendum in 2014 saw 55 percent of Scots vote “no” to breaking away.
But this came before Brexit – the UK’s departure from the European Union, which most in Scotland voted against – and the parliamentary election, which saw a majority of pro-independence lawmakers elected for the first time.
The Scottish government wants to be able to create its own legal framework for another vote, arguing that the “right to self-determination is a fundamental and inalienable right”.
But the UK government argues that Scotland cannot act unilaterally in a “reserved” matter concerning the constitutional makeup of the UK as a whole, where the government in London holds sway.
To get around this, the SNP-led government wants to hold an “advisory referendum” to test support, without immediate change.
The Supreme Court hears cases of the greatest public or constitutional importance affecting the whole population, ruling on points of law.
Supreme Court President Robert Reed, one of five judges hearing two days of arguments, said their decision is expected to take “some months”.
The judges will examine the legal validity of a referendum bill proposed by the SNP that sets a referendum date of October 19, 2023, with a ruling at a later date.
“The court is unlikely to rule in favour of the SNP – but those in favour of the Union should not see this as a defining victory,” wrote Akash Paun of the Institute for Government think-tank.
If thwarted in court, the party plans to make the next general election, due by January 2025 at the latest, a de facto referendum, campaigning on a single issue.